20 Things You Should Be Educated About Evolution Korea
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Evolution Korea
South Korea's democratic system is vulnerable to populist impulses. Nonetheless, it is healthier than what one might expect.
The country is looking for a new development paradigm. The Confucian culture, which emphasizes respect for ancestors and as well as gendered family relationships, continues to influence the society. But there are signs that a secular culture is beginning to emerge.
Origins
In the early days, the ancestors to today's Koreans were able to survive by hunting and gathering wild foods. Around 10,000 years ago, they began to cultivate millet and beans as well as other crops. They also raised livestock and even made furs. They created tribal states in Manchuria and later on the Korean peninsula. They also created a metallurgy business, making bronze and later iron tools. They traded with other states and introduced celadon, paper making, block printing art styles, as well as writing to Japan.
Gojoseon was founded in 2333 BCE on the southern peninsula. The state adopted Buddhism and adopted Chinese culture including Confucian philosophy. In this period the people of Buyeo became part of Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a state of hierarchy where the monarch and senior officials came from the aristocracy of the land, while the rest of its population were peasants. The state imposed taxes on the citizens and sometimes required them to fight in the army or work on government projects such as building fortifications.
By the end of the period, the state of Baekje was founded by Onjo who was a prince of Goguryeo and the son of Jumong who was the founder of Goguryeo. The new kingdom grew its territory to the southwest of the peninsula, and was at war with Goguryeo and China's commanderies in the area. Baekje incorporated aspects of Confucian beliefs into its official beliefs and made the male centered filiopiety concept an official doctrine in 1390 CE. In the name of filiopiety, fathers were responsible for their families, and had to be obeyed and respected by everyone, even their grandchildren and children.
Goryeo, which would rule from 918 to 1392 CE established the Hangul alphabet that was based on the shapes formed by the mouth during pronunciation. This greatly improved communication and led to a boom in the writing of Buddhist text. Woodblock printing and movable type were also refined. It was during this time that the Samguk sagi or 'History of the Three Kingdoms' was first written in 1145 CE.
Evolution in Korea
The Korean peninsula has been inhabited since Neolithic times. The earliest evidence of human settlements is evident in the form graves lined with stones, with precious objects such as amazonite jewellery being buried alongside the dead. Megalithic structures, referred to as dolmens, and made from single large stones are prevalent throughout the country.
In the first half of the 1st millennium BCE, Gojoseon established itself as the first recognized political state. After that the peninsula was ruled by several states in the Three Kingdoms period (57 BCbetween 635 and 57 BC CE) including Baekje Goguryeo and Silla. The northern part of the peninsula was occupied for a period by the Balhae Kingdom which historians do not believe to be a real Korean state.
Following the Three Kingdoms, several smaller states arose in the Proto-Three Kingdoms period, or Several States Period (yeolgugsidae). Of them, Baekje was the most powerful of them all however, its dynasty ended when Goguryeo was defeated in 676 CE, leaving it with its southern territories of Manchuria and the western region surrounding the Hwanghae Bay, while eastern Buyeo and the Gaya confederacy flourished for a short time.
The Unified Silla Kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms started to work together to expand their territories. In the final phase, Silla, with significant Chinese assistance, defeated all other states and united the peninsula in 935 CE.
As Korea is entering the post-crisis phase its development model appears to be in flux. Those who are appalled by the enormous cost of the old system are urging the need for a comprehensive program of liberalization of capital, labor, and product markets. On the other hand the supporters of the old system try to protect it by promoting nationalist sentiments, as well as by stoking fears of job loss.
The academic and policy analysts remain sharply divided on the extent to which these two developments are driving Koreas evolution towards an economic model that is radically different from the one of governance. This article focuses on the five phases of Korea's evolution in terms of its political development that include democratic democracies that are not liberal (1945-60), democratic autoritarianism (1961-72) authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-1877), democratic paternalism (2001-2002) and democratic participation (2002). This article also identifies key factors that appear to be the driving force behind these developments.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26 percent of the population is Christian. Creationists have made significant progress in promoting their beliefs to this group. A survey conducted in 2009 revealed that almost a third of respondents did not believe in evolution. Of the respondents, 41% believed that there was insufficient scientific evidence to support the theory; 39% claimed that it did not align with their religious beliefs; and 17% said they did not know what it meant. This Evolution KR level of doubt is similar to the United States where a similar number do not believe that humans evolved from earlier forms of life.
In the past, the anti-evolution campaign in Korea was focused on educating students and bringing Christ to them. In 1980 the year 1980, a four-day creation science seminar was held in Seoul during the World Evangelization Crusade. Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Gish of ICR as the keynote speakers. This event attracted a large number of pastors, professors, church leaders, and scientists.
The success of this event resulted in the founding of the Korea Association of Creation Research (KACR) on January 31st, 1981. The event was widely covered in the national press, including The Korea Times, Chosun Ilbo and The Korea Times.
KACR began publishing a monthly newsletter, CREATION, which covered its activities and also published articles on the scientific evidence supporting creationism. It also translated a number of slides and film strips from ICR as well as a few books on the subject of creationism, which were already published outside of Korea. KACR members gave lectures in churches and universities throughout the country.
One example of an KACR success story occurred at the KAIST university in Seoul. Students at KAIST in Seoul were fascinated by creationism that they raised funds and received support to build a small museum dedicated to creation on campus.
In addition to its activities, KACR has published a bimonthly magazine called CREATION. The magazine covers a variety of topics in the field of creation science. It also sponsored a series lectures by ICR staff. It also has a network of local branches, which hold seminars and present talks to school children and other community groups.
Changes in South Korea
In the late 19th century and into the early the 20th century, Korea moved toward a Westernised lifestyle. The traditional Korean dress, the hanbok was replaced by miniskirts, as well as other fashion elements from abroad. The traditional Korean music was also replaced by rock and roll and jazz. In this time, the famous samulnori or the masked dance-dramas were very popular. These dramatic pieces were performed with the accompaniment of shaman drums and various types of musical instruments.
The economic crisis has formed Korea's new model of development. The new regime's main challenge lies in the proper balance between state-led economic policies as well as market-oriented ones. It also involves changing the incentives, monitoring, and disciplining strategies that have shaped the system prior to the crisis. These issues are examined in Chapters 3 and 4.
Baekje, founded by Onjo, prince and third son of Jumong of Goguryeo, was founded by people from the Hangang River area, Buyeo and other regions and also by a migrant from northern China. In the early 4th century, Baekje was a major regional power and expanded its territory as far as Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do in the south. The kingdom was in constant conflict with Goguryeo, and the Chinese commanders at the border.
The decline of Silla between the 8th and 9th centuries led to the rise of powerful local factions. Gungye was a noble from Later Baekje, established a kingdom with Songak as its capital. It also held control over a portion of present-day Jeolla and Chungcheong provinces. Later, he moved the capital to Wansanju and became a rival to Goguryeo.
However his rule was not long-lasting. After Gungye was defeated by a powerful local leader Wang Geon, who united Goryeo with Baekje and Silla in 935. Later Baekje was peacefully integrated into Goryeo as an heir state. In addition, Wang Geon introduced fundamental reforms and strengthened a centralized rule system. This was the end of the Three Kingdoms Period. The Korean peninsula was then controlled by the Goryeo Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms Period, Goguryeo Baekje Silla slowly grew into powerful states on the peninsula as well as in Manchuria.